/* $NetBSD: auth.c,v 1.19.4.1 2017/12/04 10:55:18 snj Exp $ */ /* $OpenBSD: auth.c,v 1.124 2017/09/12 06:32:07 djm Exp $ */ /* * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include "includes.h" __RCSID("$NetBSD: auth.c,v 1.19.4.1 2017/12/04 10:55:18 snj Exp $"); #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "xmalloc.h" #include "match.h" #include "groupaccess.h" #include "log.h" #include "buffer.h" #include "misc.h" #include "servconf.h" #include "key.h" #include "hostfile.h" #include "auth.h" #include "auth-options.h" #include "canohost.h" #include "uidswap.h" #include "packet.h" #ifdef GSSAPI #include "ssh-gss.h" #endif #include "authfile.h" #include "monitor_wrap.h" #include "authfile.h" #include "ssherr.h" #include "compat.h" #include "pfilter.h" #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP #include #endif /* import */ extern ServerOptions options; extern int use_privsep; /* Debugging messages */ Buffer auth_debug; int auth_debug_init; #ifndef HOST_ONLY /* * Check if the user is allowed to log in via ssh. If user is listed * in DenyUsers or one of user's groups is listed in DenyGroups, false * will be returned. If AllowUsers isn't empty and user isn't listed * there, or if AllowGroups isn't empty and one of user's groups isn't * listed there, false will be returned. * If the user's shell is not executable, false will be returned. * Otherwise true is returned. */ int allowed_user(struct passwd * pw) { #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP extern login_cap_t *lc; int match_name, match_ip; char *cap_hlist, *hp; #endif struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */ struct stat st; const char *hostname = NULL, *ipaddr = NULL; int r; u_int i; /* Shouldn't be called if pw is NULL, but better safe than sorry... */ if (!pw || !pw->pw_name) return 0; #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP hostname = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns); ipaddr = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); lc = login_getclass(pw->pw_class); /* * Check the deny list. */ cap_hlist = login_getcapstr(lc, "host.deny", NULL, NULL); if (cap_hlist != NULL) { hp = strtok(cap_hlist, ","); while (hp != NULL) { match_name = match_hostname(hostname, hp); match_ip = match_hostname(ipaddr, hp); /* * Only a positive match here causes a "deny". */ if (match_name > 0 || match_ip > 0) { free(cap_hlist); login_close(lc); return 0; } hp = strtok(NULL, ","); } free(cap_hlist); } /* * Check the allow list. If the allow list exists, and the * remote host is not in it, the user is implicitly denied. */ cap_hlist = login_getcapstr(lc, "host.allow", NULL, NULL); if (cap_hlist != NULL) { hp = strtok(cap_hlist, ","); if (hp == NULL) { /* Just in case there's an empty string... */ free(cap_hlist); login_close(lc); return 0; } while (hp != NULL) { match_name = match_hostname(hostname, hp); match_ip = match_hostname(ipaddr, hp); /* * Negative match causes an immediate "deny". * Positive match causes us to break out * of the loop (allowing a fallthrough). */ if (match_name < 0 || match_ip < 0) { free(cap_hlist); login_close(lc); return 0; } if (match_name > 0 || match_ip > 0) break; hp = strtok(NULL, ","); } free(cap_hlist); if (hp == NULL) { login_close(lc); return 0; } } login_close(lc); #endif #ifdef USE_PAM if (!options.use_pam) { #endif /* * password/account expiration. */ if (pw->pw_change || pw->pw_expire) { struct timeval tv; (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); if (pw->pw_expire) { if (tv.tv_sec >= pw->pw_expire) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because account has expired", pw->pw_name); return 0; /* expired */ } } #ifdef _PASSWORD_CHGNOW if (pw->pw_change == _PASSWORD_CHGNOW) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because password needs to be changed", pw->pw_name); return 0; /* can't force password change (yet) */ } #endif if (pw->pw_change) { if (tv.tv_sec >= pw->pw_change) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because password has expired", pw->pw_name); return 0; /* expired */ } } } #ifdef USE_PAM } #endif /* * Deny if shell does not exist or is not executable unless we * are chrooting. */ /* * XXX Should check to see if it is executable by the * XXX requesting user. --thorpej */ if (options.chroot_directory == NULL || strcasecmp(options.chroot_directory, "none") == 0) { char *shell = xstrdup((pw->pw_shell[0] == '\0') ? _PATH_BSHELL : pw->pw_shell); /* empty = /bin/sh */ if (stat(shell, &st) != 0) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because shell %.100s " "does not exist", pw->pw_name, shell); free(shell); return 0; } if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) == 0 || (st.st_mode & (S_IXOTH|S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP)) == 0) { logit("User %.100s not allowed because shell %.100s " "is not executable", pw->pw_name, shell); free(shell); return 0; } free(shell); } /* * XXX Consider nuking {Allow,Deny}{Users,Groups}. We have the * XXX login_cap(3) mechanism which covers all other types of * XXX logins, too. */ if (options.num_deny_users > 0 || options.num_allow_users > 0 || options.num_deny_groups > 0 || options.num_allow_groups > 0) { hostname = auth_get_canonical_hostname(ssh, options.use_dns); ipaddr = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); } /* Return false if user is listed in DenyUsers */ if (options.num_deny_users > 0) { for (i = 0; i < options.num_deny_users; i++) { r = match_user(pw->pw_name, hostname, ipaddr, options.deny_users[i]); if (r < 0) { fatal("Invalid DenyUsers pattern \"%.100s\"", options.deny_users[i]); } else if (r != 0) { logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed " "because listed in DenyUsers", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } } } /* Return false if AllowUsers isn't empty and user isn't listed there */ if (options.num_allow_users > 0) { for (i = 0; i < options.num_allow_users; i++) { r = match_user(pw->pw_name, hostname, ipaddr, options.allow_users[i]); if (r < 0) { fatal("Invalid AllowUsers pattern \"%.100s\"", options.allow_users[i]); } else if (r == 1) break; } /* i < options.num_allow_users iff we break for loop */ if (i >= options.num_allow_users) { logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed because " "not listed in AllowUsers", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } } if (options.num_deny_groups > 0 || options.num_allow_groups > 0) { /* Get the user's group access list (primary and supplementary) */ if (ga_init(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid) == 0) { logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed because " "not in any group", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } /* Return false if one of user's groups is listed in DenyGroups */ if (options.num_deny_groups > 0) if (ga_match(options.deny_groups, options.num_deny_groups)) { ga_free(); logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed " "because a group is listed in DenyGroups", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } /* * Return false if AllowGroups isn't empty and one of user's groups * isn't listed there */ if (options.num_allow_groups > 0) if (!ga_match(options.allow_groups, options.num_allow_groups)) { ga_free(); logit("User %.100s from %.100s not allowed " "because none of user's groups are listed " "in AllowGroups", pw->pw_name, hostname); return 0; } ga_free(); } /* We found no reason not to let this user try to log on... */ return 1; } /* * Formats any key left in authctxt->auth_method_key for inclusion in * auth_log()'s message. Also includes authxtct->auth_method_info if present. */ static char * format_method_key(Authctxt *authctxt) { const struct sshkey *key = authctxt->auth_method_key; const char *methinfo = authctxt->auth_method_info; char *fp, *ret = NULL; if (key == NULL) return NULL; if (key_is_cert(key)) { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); xasprintf(&ret, "%s ID %s (serial %llu) CA %s %s%s%s", sshkey_type(key), key->cert->key_id, (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial, sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), fp == NULL ? "(null)" : fp, methinfo == NULL ? "" : ", ", methinfo == NULL ? "" : methinfo); free(fp); } else { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); xasprintf(&ret, "%s %s%s%s", sshkey_type(key), fp == NULL ? "(null)" : fp, methinfo == NULL ? "" : ", ", methinfo == NULL ? "" : methinfo); free(fp); } return ret; } void auth_log(Authctxt *authctxt, int authenticated, int partial, const char *method, const char *submethod) { struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */ void (*authlog) (const char *fmt,...) = verbose; const char *authmsg; char *extra = NULL; if (use_privsep && !mm_is_monitor() && !authctxt->postponed) return; /* Raise logging level */ if (authenticated == 1 || !authctxt->valid || authctxt->failures >= options.max_authtries / 2 || strcmp(method, "password") == 0) authlog = logit; if (authctxt->postponed) authmsg = "Postponed"; else if (partial) authmsg = "Partial"; else authmsg = authenticated ? "Accepted" : "Failed"; if ((extra = format_method_key(authctxt)) == NULL) { if (authctxt->auth_method_info != NULL) extra = xstrdup(authctxt->auth_method_info); } authlog("%s %s%s%s for %s%.100s from %.200s port %d ssh2%s%s", authmsg, method, submethod != NULL ? "/" : "", submethod == NULL ? "" : submethod, authctxt->valid ? "" : "invalid user ", authctxt->user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh), extra != NULL ? ": " : "", extra != NULL ? extra : ""); free(extra); if (!authctxt->postponed) pfilter_notify(!authenticated); } void auth_maxtries_exceeded(Authctxt *authctxt) { struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */ error("maximum authentication attempts exceeded for " "%s%.100s from %.200s port %d ssh2", authctxt->valid ? "" : "invalid user ", authctxt->user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh)); packet_disconnect("Too many authentication failures"); /* NOTREACHED */ } /* * Check whether root logins are disallowed. */ int auth_root_allowed(const char *method) { struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */ switch (options.permit_root_login) { case PERMIT_YES: return 1; case PERMIT_NO_PASSWD: if (strcmp(method, "publickey") == 0 || strcmp(method, "hostbased") == 0 || strcmp(method, "gssapi-with-mic") == 0) return 1; break; case PERMIT_FORCED_ONLY: if (forced_command) { logit("Root login accepted for forced command."); return 1; } break; } logit("ROOT LOGIN REFUSED FROM %.200s port %d", ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh)); return 0; } /* * Given a template and a passwd structure, build a filename * by substituting % tokenised options. Currently, %% becomes '%', * %h becomes the home directory and %u the username. * * This returns a buffer allocated by xmalloc. */ char * expand_authorized_keys(const char *filename, struct passwd *pw) { char *file, ret[PATH_MAX]; int i; file = percent_expand(filename, "h", pw->pw_dir, "u", pw->pw_name, (char *)NULL); /* * Ensure that filename starts anchored. If not, be backward * compatible and prepend the '%h/' */ if (*file == '/') return (file); i = snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, file); if (i < 0 || (size_t)i >= sizeof(ret)) fatal("expand_authorized_keys: path too long"); free(file); return (xstrdup(ret)); } char * authorized_principals_file(struct passwd *pw) { if (options.authorized_principals_file == NULL) return NULL; return expand_authorized_keys(options.authorized_principals_file, pw); } /* return ok if key exists in sysfile or userfile */ HostStatus check_key_in_hostfiles(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *key, const char *host, const char *sysfile, const char *userfile) { char *user_hostfile; struct stat st; HostStatus host_status; struct hostkeys *hostkeys; const struct hostkey_entry *found; hostkeys = init_hostkeys(); load_hostkeys(hostkeys, host, sysfile); if (userfile != NULL) { user_hostfile = tilde_expand_filename(userfile, pw->pw_uid); if (options.strict_modes && (stat(user_hostfile, &st) == 0) && ((st.st_uid != 0 && st.st_uid != pw->pw_uid) || (st.st_mode & 022) != 0)) { logit("Authentication refused for %.100s: " "bad owner or modes for %.200s", pw->pw_name, user_hostfile); auth_debug_add("Ignored %.200s: bad ownership or modes", user_hostfile); } else { temporarily_use_uid(pw); load_hostkeys(hostkeys, host, user_hostfile); restore_uid(); } free(user_hostfile); } host_status = check_key_in_hostkeys(hostkeys, key, &found); if (host_status == HOST_REVOKED) error("WARNING: revoked key for %s attempted authentication", found->host); else if (host_status == HOST_OK) debug("%s: key for %s found at %s:%ld", __func__, found->host, found->file, found->line); else debug("%s: key for host %s not found", __func__, host); free_hostkeys(hostkeys); return host_status; } static FILE * auth_openfile(const char *file, struct passwd *pw, int strict_modes, int log_missing, const char *file_type) { char line[1024]; struct stat st; int fd; FILE *f; if ((fd = open(file, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK)) == -1) { if (log_missing || errno != ENOENT) debug("Could not open %s '%s': %s", file_type, file, strerror(errno)); return NULL; } if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) { close(fd); return NULL; } if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) { logit("User %s %s %s is not a regular file", pw->pw_name, file_type, file); close(fd); return NULL; } unset_nonblock(fd); if ((f = fdopen(fd, "r")) == NULL) { close(fd); return NULL; } if (strict_modes && safe_path_fd(fileno(f), file, pw, line, sizeof(line)) != 0) { fclose(f); logit("Authentication refused: %s", line); auth_debug_add("Ignored %s: %s", file_type, line); return NULL; } return f; } FILE * auth_openkeyfile(const char *file, struct passwd *pw, int strict_modes) { return auth_openfile(file, pw, strict_modes, 1, "authorized keys"); } FILE * auth_openprincipals(const char *file, struct passwd *pw, int strict_modes) { return auth_openfile(file, pw, strict_modes, 0, "authorized principals"); } struct passwd * getpwnamallow(const char *user) { #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP extern login_cap_t *lc; #ifdef BSD_AUTH auth_session_t *as; #endif #endif struct ssh *ssh = active_state; /* XXX */ struct passwd *pw; struct connection_info *ci = get_connection_info(1, options.use_dns); ci->user = user; parse_server_match_config(&options, ci); log_change_level(options.log_level); process_permitopen(ssh, &options); pw = getpwnam(user); if (pw == NULL) { pfilter_notify(1); logit("Invalid user %.100s from %.100s port %d", user, ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh), ssh_remote_port(ssh)); return (NULL); } if (!allowed_user(pw)) return (NULL); #ifdef HAVE_LOGIN_CAP if ((lc = login_getclass(pw->pw_class)) == NULL) { debug("unable to get login class: %s", user); return (NULL); } #ifdef BSD_AUTH if ((as = auth_open()) == NULL || auth_setpwd(as, pw) != 0 || auth_approval(as, lc, pw->pw_name, "ssh") <= 0) { debug("Approval failure for %s", user); pw = NULL; } if (as != NULL) auth_close(as); #endif #endif if (pw != NULL) return (pwcopy(pw)); return (NULL); } /* Returns 1 if key is revoked by revoked_keys_file, 0 otherwise */ int auth_key_is_revoked(struct sshkey *key) { char *fp = NULL; int r; if (options.revoked_keys_file == NULL) return 0; if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, options.fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) { r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL; error("%s: fingerprint key: %s", __func__, ssh_err(r)); goto out; } r = sshkey_check_revoked(key, options.revoked_keys_file); switch (r) { case 0: break; /* not revoked */ case SSH_ERR_KEY_REVOKED: error("Authentication key %s %s revoked by file %s", sshkey_type(key), fp, options.revoked_keys_file); goto out; default: error("Error checking authentication key %s %s in " "revoked keys file %s: %s", sshkey_type(key), fp, options.revoked_keys_file, ssh_err(r)); goto out; } /* Success */ r = 0; out: free(fp); return r == 0 ? 0 : 1; } void auth_debug_add(const char *fmt,...) { char buf[1024]; va_list args; if (!auth_debug_init) return; va_start(args, fmt); vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args); va_end(args); buffer_put_cstring(&auth_debug, buf); } void auth_debug_send(void) { char *msg; if (!auth_debug_init) return; while (buffer_len(&auth_debug)) { msg = buffer_get_string(&auth_debug, NULL); packet_send_debug("%s", msg); free(msg); } } void auth_debug_reset(void) { if (auth_debug_init) buffer_clear(&auth_debug); else { buffer_init(&auth_debug); auth_debug_init = 1; } } struct passwd * fakepw(void) { static struct passwd fake; static char nouser[] = "NOUSER"; static char nonexist[] = "/nonexist"; memset(&fake, 0, sizeof(fake)); fake.pw_name = nouser; fake.pw_passwd = __UNCONST( "$2a$06$r3.juUaHZDlIbQaO2dS9FuYxL1W9M81R1Tc92PoSNmzvpEqLkLGrK"); fake.pw_gecos = nouser; fake.pw_uid = (uid_t)-1; fake.pw_gid = (gid_t)-1; fake.pw_class = __UNCONST(""); fake.pw_dir = nonexist; fake.pw_shell = nonexist; return (&fake); } #endif /* * Returns the remote DNS hostname as a string. The returned string must not * be freed. NB. this will usually trigger a DNS query the first time it is * called. * This function does additional checks on the hostname to mitigate some * attacks on legacy rhosts-style authentication. * XXX is RhostsRSAAuthentication vulnerable to these? * XXX Can we remove these checks? (or if not, remove RhostsRSAAuthentication?) */ static char * remote_hostname(struct ssh *ssh) { struct sockaddr_storage from; socklen_t fromlen; struct addrinfo hints, *ai, *aitop; char name[NI_MAXHOST], ntop2[NI_MAXHOST]; const char *ntop = ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); /* Get IP address of client. */ fromlen = sizeof(from); memset(&from, 0, sizeof(from)); if (getpeername(ssh_packet_get_connection_in(ssh), (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen) < 0) { debug("getpeername failed: %.100s", strerror(errno)); return strdup(ntop); } debug3("Trying to reverse map address %.100s.", ntop); /* Map the IP address to a host name. */ if (getnameinfo((struct sockaddr *)&from, fromlen, name, sizeof(name), NULL, 0, NI_NAMEREQD) != 0) { /* Host name not found. Use ip address. */ return strdup(ntop); } /* * if reverse lookup result looks like a numeric hostname, * someone is trying to trick us by PTR record like following: * 1.1.1.10.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR 2.3.4.5 */ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM; /*dummy*/ hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; if (getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &ai) == 0) { logit("Nasty PTR record \"%s\" is set up for %s, ignoring", name, ntop); freeaddrinfo(ai); return strdup(ntop); } /* Names are stored in lowercase. */ lowercase(name); /* * Map it back to an IP address and check that the given * address actually is an address of this host. This is * necessary because anyone with access to a name server can * define arbitrary names for an IP address. Mapping from * name to IP address can be trusted better (but can still be * fooled if the intruder has access to the name server of * the domain). */ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = from.ss_family; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; if (getaddrinfo(name, NULL, &hints, &aitop) != 0) { logit("reverse mapping checking getaddrinfo for %.700s " "[%s] failed.", name, ntop); return strdup(ntop); } /* Look for the address from the list of addresses. */ for (ai = aitop; ai; ai = ai->ai_next) { if (getnameinfo(ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen, ntop2, sizeof(ntop2), NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST) == 0 && (strcmp(ntop, ntop2) == 0)) break; } freeaddrinfo(aitop); /* If we reached the end of the list, the address was not there. */ if (ai == NULL) { /* Address not found for the host name. */ logit("Address %.100s maps to %.600s, but this does not " "map back to the address.", ntop, name); return strdup(ntop); } return strdup(name); } /* * Return the canonical name of the host in the other side of the current * connection. The host name is cached, so it is efficient to call this * several times. */ const char * auth_get_canonical_hostname(struct ssh *ssh, int use_dns) { static char *dnsname; if (!use_dns) return ssh_remote_ipaddr(ssh); else if (dnsname != NULL) return dnsname; else { dnsname = remote_hostname(ssh); return dnsname; } }