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.\"     @(#)install.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
.\"
.Dd May 1, 2009
.Dt INSTALL 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm install
.Nd install binaries
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl bcprsU
.Op Fl a Ar command
.Op Fl B Ar suffix
.Op Fl D Ar destdir
.Op Fl f Ar flags
.Op Fl g Ar group
.Op Fl h Ar hash
.Op Fl l Ar linkflags
.Op Fl M Ar metalog
.Op Fl m Ar mode
.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
.Op Fl o Ar owner
.Op Fl S Ar stripflag
.Op Fl T Ar tags
.Ar file1 file2
.Nm
.Op Fl bcprsU
.Op Fl a Ar command
.Op Fl B Ar suffix
.Op Fl D Ar destdir
.Op Fl f Ar flags
.Op Fl g Ar group
.Op Fl h Ar hash
.Op Fl l Ar linkflags
.Op Fl M Ar metalog
.Op Fl m Ar mode
.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
.Op Fl o Ar owner
.Op Fl S Ar stripflag
.Op Fl T Ar tags
.Ar file1 ...\&
.Ar fileN directory
.Nm
.Fl d
.Op Fl pU
.Op Fl a Ar command
.Op Fl D Ar destdir
.Op Fl g Ar group
.Op Fl M Ar metalog
.Op Fl m Ar mode
.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
.Op Fl o Ar owner
.Op Fl T Ar tags
.Ar directory ...\&
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The file(s) are copied
(or linked if the
.Fl l
option is specified) to the target file or directory.
If the destination is a directory, then the
.Ar file
is copied into
.Ar directory
with its original filename.
If the target file already exists, it is
either renamed to
.Ar file.old
if the
.Fl b
option is given
or overwritten
if permissions allow; an alternate backup suffix may be specified via the
.Fl B
option's argument.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width XsXXstripflagsXX
.It Fl a Ar command
Run
.Ar command
on the target after installation and stripping
.Pq Fl s ,
but before
ownership, permissions or timestamps are set and before renaming
.Pq Fl r
occurs.
.Ar command
is invoked via the
.Xr sh 1
shell, allowing a single
.Fl a
argument be to specified to
.Nm
which the shell can then tokenize.
.It Fl B Ar suffix
Use
.Ar suffix
as the backup suffix if
.Fl b
is given.
If
.Ar suffix
contains a '%' sign, a numbered backup will be performed, and the
%-pattern will be expanded using
.Xr sprintf 3 ,
given an integer counter as the backup number.
The counter used starts from 0, and the first available name resulting
from the expansion is used.
.It Fl b
Backup any existing files before overwriting them by renaming
them to
.Ar file.old . See
.Fl B
for specifying a different backup suffix.
.It Fl c
Copy the file.
This is the default behavior; the flag is maintained for backwards
compatibility only.
.It Fl D Ar destdir
Specify the
.Ev DESTDIR
(top of the file hierarchy) that the items are installed in to.
If
.Fl M Ar metalog
is in use, a leading string of
.Dq Ar destdir
will be removed from the file names logged to the
.Ar metalog .
This option does not affect where the actual files are installed.
.It Fl d
Create directories.
Missing parent directories are created as required.
.It Fl f Ar flags
Specify the target's file flags.
(See
.Xr chflags 1
for a list of possible flags and their meanings.)
.It Fl g Ar group
Specify a group.
.It Fl h Ar hash
When copying, calculate the digest of the files with
.Ar hash
to store in the
.Fl M Ar metalog .
Supported digests:
.Bl -tag -width rmd160 -offset indent
.It Sy none
No hash.
This is the default.
.It Sy md5
The MD5 cryptographic message digest.
.It Sy rmd160
The RMD-160 cryptographic message digest.
.It Sy sha1
The SHA-1 cryptographic message digest.
.It Sy sha256
The 256-bits
.Tn SHA-2
cryptographic message digest of the file.
.It Sy sha384
The 384-bits
.Tn SHA-2
cryptographic message digest of the file.
.It Sy sha512
The 512-bits
.Tn SHA-2
cryptographic message digest of the file.
.El
.It Fl l Ar linkflags
Instead of copying the file make a link to the source.
The type of the link is determined by the
.Ar linkflags
argument.
Valid
.Ar linkflags
are:
.Ar a
(absolute),
.Ar r
(relative),
.Ar h
(hard),
.Ar s
(symbolic),
.Ar m
(mixed).
Absolute and relative have effect only for symbolic links.
Mixed links
are hard links for files on the same filesystem, symbolic otherwise.
.It Fl M Ar metalog
Write the metadata associated with each item installed to
.Ar metalog
in an
.Xr mtree 8
.Dq full path
specification line.
The metadata includes: the file name and file type, and depending upon
other options, the owner, group, file flags, modification time, and tags.
.It Fl m Ar mode
Specify an alternative mode.
The default mode is set to rwxr-xr-x (0755).
The specified mode may be either an octal or symbolic value; see
.Xr chmod 1
for a description of possible mode values.
.It Fl N Ar dbdir
Use the user database text file
.Pa master.passwd
and group database text file
.Pa group
from
.Ar dbdir ,
rather than using the results from the system's
.Xr getpwnam 3
and
.Xr getgrnam 3
(and related) library calls.
.It Fl o Ar owner
Specify an owner.
.It Fl p
Preserve the source files access and modification times.
.It Fl r
Install to a temporary file and then rename the file to its final destination
name.
This can be used for precious files, to avoid truncation of the original
when error conditions (filesystem full etc.) occur.
.It Fl S Ar stripflags
.Nm
passes
.Ar stripflags
as option arguments to
.Xr strip 1 .
When
.Fl S
is used,
.Xr strip 1
is invoked via the
.Xr sh 1
shell, allowing a single
.Fl S
argument be to specified to
.Nm
which the shell can then tokenize.
Normally,
.Nm
invokes
.Xr strip 1
directly.
This flag implies
.Fl s .
.It Fl s
.Nm
exec's the command
.Xr strip 1
to strip binaries so that install can be portable over a large
number of systems and binary types.
If the environment variable
.Ev STRIP
is set, it is used as the
.Xr strip 1
program.
.It Fl T Ar tags
Specify the
.Xr mtree 8
tags to write out for the file when using
.Fl M Ar metalog .
.It Fl U
Indicate that install is running unprivileged, and that it should not
try to change the owner, the group, or the file flags of the destination.
The information that would have been updated can be stored in a log
file with
.Fl M Ar metalog .
.El
.Pp
By default,
.Nm
preserves all file flags, with the exception of the ``nodump'' flag.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility attempts to prevent copying a file onto itself.
.Pp
Installing
.Pa /dev/null
creates an empty file.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width Fl
.It Ev STRIP
The program used to strip installed binaries when the
.Fl s
option is used.
If unspecified,
.Pa /usr/bin/strip
is used.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr chflags 1 ,
.Xr chgrp 1 ,
.Xr chmod 1 ,
.Xr cp 1 ,
.Xr mv 1 ,
.Xr strip 1 ,
.Xr chown 8 ,
.Xr mtree 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .